Modal verbs exercises advanced level pdf

For example, the inferred certainty sense of English must developed after the strong obligation sense the probabilistic sense of should developed after the weak obligation sense and the possibility senses of may and can developed later than the permission or ability sense. The primary meaning would be the deontic meaning ('You are required to speak Spanish.') but this may be intended epistemically ('It is surely the case that you speak Spanish.')Д®pistemic modals can be analyzed as raising verbs, while deontic modals can be analyzed as control verbs.Д®pistemic usages of modals tend to develop from deontic usages. ('You are required to leave now.')ДЄn ambiguous case is You must speak Spanish.

('I think it is almost a certainty that you are starving.') The following sentences illustrate epistemic and deontic uses of the English modal verb must:

dynamic modality, which may be distinguished from deontic modality in that, with dynamic modality, the conditioning factors are internal вЂ“ the subject's own ability or willingness to act.

deontic modality, concerned with possibility and necessity in terms of freedom to act (including permission and duty).

epistemic modality, concerned with the theoretical possibility of propositions being true or not true (including likelihood and certainty).

Modals have a wide variety of communicative functions, but these functions can generally be related to a scale ranging from possibility ('may') to necessity ('must'), in terms of one of the following types of modality:

2.2 Comparison with other Germanic languagesДЄ modal auxiliary verb gives information about the function of the main verb that it governs.

Modal verbs exercises advanced level pdf